自动词(INTRANSITIVE VERB)是不需要目标(Object)而内独立成为句子。了解这个是很重要,要不然我们就会以为英语的每段的主动语态(ACTIVE VOICE)的句子都可以把它变着被动语态(PASSIVE VOICE)。为什么? 没有对象或目标(OBJECT)的主体(SUBJECT)怎样能被动?靠什么动?
It rained是 拥有自动词(INTRANSITIVE VERB)的句子,没有对象或目标(OBJECT)的主体(SUBJECT)的句子。
He swims every morning 也是一样的,没有目标(OBJECT)。有鉴于此,有自动词(INTRANSITIVE VERB)的句子不可能会成为被动语态(PASSIVE VOICE)。如
I walked to office.
He screamed loudly when he saw me.
The story was very interesting.
She would talk to me later.
Peter was running .******* 注意
*****Peter was run down by a motor car.
*****The detectives ran down the theif.
Running 或 run 是自动词(INTRANSITIVE VERB),但加了down 它变了短语动词(phrasal verb)后,也成了他动词(TRANSITIVE VERB),有了对象或目标(OBJECT),所以它可以用于被动语态(PASSIVE VOICE)。初学英语者须加注意!
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