Never had I seen her

I have never seen her before.  我从来没有看过她。

上述的句子，应怎样来强调呢？

在英语，你只要把副词（never）放在句子的前面通过倒置子句 (INVERSION CLAUSE )就起了强调作用了！

Never have I seen her before.   记得把have 也一起放在句子的前端。

看看以下的几个例子：

Henry seldom goes to school late.    一般性

Seldom does Henry go to school late.    强调性

She rarely enjoys eating seafood.   一般性

Rarely does she enjoy eating seafood.   强调性

My father hardly comes home earlier.   一般性

Hardly does my father come home earlier.   强调性

He never came here.     一般性

Never did he come here    强调性

 

须注意的动词的变化。

the bus had left 和 the bus left 不同点在那儿？

Past Perfect Tense （过去完成式）是怎样用来表达。

在过去的时间，你可能做了许多事情和动作，以优先顺序的排列来说，最后完成事情和动作

是用过去式(PAST TENSE)，在它之前的就用Past Perfect Tense （过去完成式）。

比如，你吃饭后，才去上班。吃饭在先，上班在后，以英语来表达就是I had taken my meal before I went to work.

When I reached there， the bus had left 和  When I reached there, the bus left.有什么不同？

第一段的句子，用了Past Perfect Tense （过去完成式）和过去式(PAST TENSE)来表达，when I reached there, the bus had left.其意味着你是迟到的；当你抵达时，巴士车已经离开了！

 When I reached there, the bus left. 这两段句子都用了过去式(PAST TENSE)来表达，其意思是当我抵达时，巴士车也在同时间离开。

I have waited 还是 I have been waiting ？？？

I have waited for 2 hours 和 I have been waiting for 2 hours 有什么不同？

She has lived here for about 10 year  和 She has been living here for about 10 years 又有什么不一样？
Have waited 和has lived 是英语的 现在完成式文法（Present Perfect Tense）

Has been waiting 和has been living 是英语文法中所谓的现在完成持续式（ Present Perfect Continuous Tense）

现在完成式文法（Present Perfect Tense）和 现在完成持续式（ Present Perfect Continuous Tense）有什么不同，为何不一样？

现在完成式文法（Present Perfect Tense）是表达当事人化了多少(how many)，多久(how  long) 和经历( experience )。

I have waited for 2 hours  (等了两个小时)  ----- -多久(how  long)

She has written four letters to the authority  (写了四封信)----- 多少(how many)

My  boss has gone to UK for seminar (去了英国)-------- 经历( experience )

现在完成持续式（ Present Perfect Continuous Tense）是用来表达当事人在讲述某事已经完成了某个阶段或某段时间，但还会继续来圆满它。

例子：

I have been waiting for 2 hours.  我已经等了两个小时。 （暗示：我还会继续等，等到他来！）

She has been living here for about 10 years.  她已经在这里住了约十年。（暗示：她还会继续住下去）
My father has been working as a teacher since 2000. 我父亲自2000年就当了教师。（暗示：我父亲还会继续当教师）

Bring and come; take and go

Take 和 bring 的意思是《拿》。

华语可以这样讲！

请你拿那本书来。 请你拿这本书去。

如果把上面的句子直接翻译成英语，就是错的

You please bring this book and come。（对）

 You please bring this book and go。(错)

在英语，take 须与go 配合， bring 须与come 配合。

正确的语法是：

You please bring this book  and come.

You please tae this book and go

Product 和 produce

Product 是产品的意思。 但它是工业产品，非农业产品。

农业产品不叫product，应叫produce。

Produce 可作动词也可当着名词。

What is the product of your country ?  你的国家的工业产品是什么？

What is the produce of your country?  你的国家的农业产品是什么？

但用在动词时，produce 就没有工业产品和农业产品之分！

My country produces electrical goods.   我国出产电器。

My country produces crops.   我国出产稻米。

cattle are ? cattle is ? Sheep are ? sheep is ?

一般人多认为英语的数量词很容易辨认，只要物体加上s 或es 就是多于一位数。如cups, tables, chairs, books, pictures , , diaries,ladies, 等等。这些东西有了s 就可配上 are, were 来用了！

但英语中，由许多的物体因其本身就属于复数形式(Plural form)，不配上s，es 等。如police, people, cattle, sheep, data . 如这些字配上了is ，was 就是错。

The cattle is running in the field.    错

The cattle are running in the field.   对

People is coming   错

People are coming   对

The police is working round the clock to hunt the murderer.   错

The police are working round the clock to hunt the murderer.  对

There is sheep in the farm    错

There are sheep in the farm   对

Data is stored in the pen-drive.  错

Data are stored in the pen-drive . 对

I wish I were ....

同样的，I wish 跟着是用了过去式( Past Tense ) 来表达不可能发生的事情。I wish 在英语中是属于假设语气(subjunctive ) :

如                                                    

I wish he were here

I wish I were rich

I wish today were Sunday

以上种种的情况都是不可能发生的事。

还有一点文法须注意的是，如果wish 是过去式(Past Tense)的wished。那么跟随的文法就是过去完成时态(Past Perfect Tense)。

 

I wished he had been here

I wished I had been rich

I wished today had been Sunday.

I wished he had gone to office

He wished he had bought that car.

She wished she had passed her examination.

怎样用英语来表达《不可能》的事情呢？

怎样用英语来表达《不可能》的事情呢？

在英语，如果你要表达不可能发生的事情，你可以用过去式(PAST  TENSE)来表达。

例：如果我是你的话， 我不会买！（我就是我，你就是你，那有可能，我变成你呢！）

英文的翻译是：If I were you, I will not buy it.

须注意的是过去式(PAST  TENSE)，我是用上了was 但在不可能情况下，是用were。

同样的，如果她是男的，她可以参赛！  If she were a boy, she can enter the competition.

以上不可能，不实际的事在英语是叫"Subjunctive mood"

参考以下的例子

If he were still alive, we surely have a great fun today,

If my boss were here today, all of us will be given a free meal for the celebration.

If I were Jacky Chan, I will now retire and enjoy my life.

Hundreds, thousands

在英语的数量词，超过一位数字，一般上都须加上《S》。如 two apples, three apples, four books, five cups 等等。

但在百 (Hundred)和千(Thousand)，却不一样。

不管是两百，三百，四百等，还是两千，三千和四千等等，《S》却配不上了。

One hundred, two hundred, three hundred,  one thousand, two thousand, three thousand 等，《S》是不用的！

但 扔掉数字如1，2，3，4，《S》就可用上了。

如 Hundreds of people, thousands of people,   hundreds of baskets,  thousands of visitors, hundreds of books 等。

I am home 还是I am at home ？

I am home 还是  I am at home？

Home 是抽象名词（abstract noun）不是实体名词。即是抽象，不可能《在》，所以，at是多余的。

抽象名词（abstract noun）是不需介词( Preposition ) to, at, on, it 等等。

其它的抽象名词（abstract noun）还有here，there。

我们不说 You go to there 或  you please come to here。　

我们只说：You go there 或 you please come here。

我们也不时听到：“You please see at here＂，这是错的，应该说：“You please see here”

I wait you or I wait for you

有时听到人说：I wait you. 也有人说:    I wait for you.

到底要不要 for 呢？ I wait you 华语翻译是我等你，有错吗？

查字典，wait  是不及物动词 ( INTRANSITIVE VERB )。一般上，所有的不及物动词 ( INTRANSITIVE VERB )的紧接的介词(PREPOSITION)不是名词 (NOUN).  I wait you 中的you 是名词，所以是错的。

正确的说法是：I wait for you.

再次强调在英语不及物动词 ( INTRANSITIVE VERB )的紧接的介词(PREPOSITION)不是名词 (NOUN)。

 I will talk to him.  

 Talk 不及物动词 ( INTRANSITIVE VERB )需要 to的介词(PREPOSITION)

Please go to see him.

 Go不及物动词 ( INTRANSITIVE VERB ) 需要 to的介词(PREPOSITION)

 He lives in Penang   

 Live不及物动词 ( INTRANSITIVE VERB ) 需要in的介词(PREPOSITION)

When she was in England, he stayed with her relative.

 stay不及物动词 ( INTRANSITIVE VERB ) 需要with的介词(PREPOSITION)